Piston-ring.



P. B. CANFIELD.

PISTON RING.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 26. I9I7.

1,277,291. Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

inventor. flemuafiQ7/e/d PHILEMON B. CANFIELD, or SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

PISTON-RING.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILEMON' B. CAN- FIELD, a citizen of .the United States, residing at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Piston-Rings; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to piston packing, and more particularly to a ring adapted to be applied to pistons for sealing the same in cylinders.

The object is to provide a multi-part ring with means for holding the parts from relative turning movement with respect to each other to retain the splits of the rings-in circumferential spaced-apart relation and 011'- set leakage of the ring, and to provide the ring with means enabling the locking of the same to pistons for retaining the ring as a whole from circumferential turning upon the piston.

Another object is to provide a piston ring with an inner part and outer parts, and to employ a locking pin of novel construction adaptedto hold all of the parts in their relative positions and retain the rin as a whole from turning on the piston, t e pin embodying a structure for interlocking engagement with the outer rings and without materially weakening the same.

With these and further objects in view, as will in part hereinafter become apparent and in part be stated, the invention com-- prises certain novel constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts as subsequently specified and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing,-

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a piston ring constructed according to the present invention and as applied to a piston mounted in a cylinder. f

Fig. 2 is an upper edge plan piston ring.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section taken through one side of the ring at the locking pin, showing the ring applied to the piston and engaging the wall of a cylinder.

Fig. 4 1s a fragmentary, transverse section taken through the piston at the ring groove, showing parts of the ring broken away and arranged within the groove.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the sec- Specification of Letters Patent.

view of the 4 Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

Application filed November 26, 1917. Serial lifo. 203,953.

tions of the rinfg separated and in their relative positions or assembly.

Referring to the drawing by numerals,

the ring comprises an inner or base section 10 which is cross-cut or split at one side and formed of resilient material in the usual manner. The base section 10 is relatively wide and is adapted to support upon its outer face a pair of bearing annular sections 11 and 12. The sections 11 and 12 combined are of a width equal substantially to that of the base section 10, and are each split or cross-cut to admit of the expansion and contraction of the sections.

The base section 10 is provided at any suitable point in its circumferential length with a radially extending pin 13 having an elongated and enlarged head 14; on its inner end adapted'to engagethe inner wall of the groove 15 of a piston 16. The inner wallof the groove 15 is bored, chipped, or otherwise suitably formed with a recess 17 into which the head 14 of the pin may project for anchoring the piston ring from turning circumferentially in the groove 15. The shank of the pin 13 is relatively small and passes through a correspondingly formed opening in the base section 10. The outer end of the pin is crushed or flattened to form a relatively thin web 18 lying in the intermediate plane of the base section 10 and formingshoulders 19 adapted to engage the outer surface of the base section 10 and hold the pin 13 in place.

The bearing sections 11 and. 12 are fitted over the upper and lower edges of the base section 10 with'their split ortions out of register with each other an with the split of the base section. The outer sections 11 and 12are provided at their meeting edges with relatively shallow depressions or countersinks 20 adapted to each partly receive the web 18 therein to anchor the bearing sections 11 and 12 from turning upon the base section 10. As the web 18 is relatively fiat, the depressions 20 need be only relatively shallow, so that the outer bearing sections 11 and 12 are not materially weakened b the provision of the recesses 20. The we 18 is of considerably less thickness than the diameter of the pin 13 and, thus obviates the necessity of forming semi-circular grooves in the outer sections 11 and 12 of sufficient depth to receive the shank of the pin. The web 18 is relatively short and terminates within the outer surface of the bearing rings 11 and 12 and admits of the free action of the bearing rings against the inner wall of the cylinder.

The shank of the pin 13 is loosely mounted in the base section 10 to prevent cracking or breaking of the base section incident to sudden temperature changes of the ring, and to admit the following of the web 18 out wardly with the outer ring section 11 as the latter Wears to insure the interlocking of all of the parts of the ring.

A ring thus constructed may be made in various sizes, and particularly in the smaller sizes for motor cycle and like cylinders of small diameter without impairing the strength of the ring sections. The rings thus constructed may be readily applied to any piston of corresponding size by merely boring or otherwise forming a depression or opening, such as shown at 17 in the drawings, for the reception of the head 14 of the pin. The pin thus performs the function of holding the entire ring from turning on the piston and of holding the sections of the piston from relative turning.

It is well known that the inner walls ofcylinders wear unevenly at different sides, and it is found that When rings shift circumferentiallyiupon pistons the pistons frequently leak owing to the uneven wear of the cylinder and the shifting of the unevenly worn parts of the ring upon the piston. The pin 13 of the present invention retains all of the parts from circumferential movement so that the ring, after use, is adapted to wear into the contour of the inner wall of the cylinder and to thus effectually seal the piston in the cylinder at all times. Thus uneven wear of the ring and the cylinder is equalized and the respective parts are maintained in offset or intermeshing positions throughout the use of the ring.

The ring of this invention may be readily applied to practically any type of engine pump or the like without the use of special tools, as it is only necessary to form the opening or recess 17 in the ring groove, and the opening need not be of any particular configuration, but simply of sufficient size to receive the head 14." The ring when in use has but relatively light frictional contact with the walls of the cylinder as the ringis held from turning upon the piston and from thus bringing new unworn portions of the ring; into contact with anyrelatively high points of the piston wall. It is, of course, understood that the split portions of the ring may be formed with any suitable lap joint for sealing the ring and admitting of the free expansion and contraction thereof, the present drawing showing but one form of the joint.

It will be noted that the inner or base section 10 of the ring is relatively thin as compared with the outer bearing sections 11 of outer sections arranged about the inner 7 section at the upper and lower edges thereof and meeting midway between the edges of the inner section, said sections having their split portions out of register, and a pin loosely mounted in the inner section and having a head on its inner end adapted to enter a depression of the piston for anchoring the ring from turning thereon, and provi ed with a flattened outer end for retaining the pin in the inner section, the outer' sections having relatively shallow depressions in their meeting edges adapted to receive the flattened portion of the pin therein for anchoring the sections from relative circumferential movement.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

PHILEMON B. CANFIELD.

Witnesses:

ROBERT A. LUDWIG, HENRY B. RAPELJI. 

